硬币找零问题中要求找给客户最少的硬币。coins存储可用硬币规格,单位为角,假设规格都小于10角,且一定有1角规格。amount为要找零的金额,约定必须为1角的整数倍。输出为每种规格及其数量,按规格从大到小输出,如果某种规格不必要,则输出为0。下面是其实现代码:
const int MAX_COINS = 10;
int result[MAX_COINS] = {0}; // 假设最多10种面额
int find_coins(const vector<int>& coins, int amount) {
sort(coins.begin(), coins.end(), greater<int>());
int n = coins.size();
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int coin = coins[i];
int num = amount / coin;
result[i] = num;
amount -= num * coin;
if (amount == 0) break;
}
cout << "找零方案如下:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cout << sorted_coins[i] << "角需要" << result[i] << "枚" << endl;
}
return 0;
}